productivity. This paper documents the changes in rice productivity, policy and institutions in the last 100 years and identifies … the technological change that may have affected rice productivity. One hundred years has totally changed rice production … practices and improved productivity. Technical innovations that helped improved rice productivity include irrigation, pest …

A serious concern has been raised recently on the long run sustainability of the productivity effects of Green … ecosystem. However, the changes in physical yield are not true measures of productivity from efficiency perspective. Total … factor productivity (TFP) is a true measure of economic efficiency of any technology impact. The paper addresses the crucial …

development of infrastructure, among others. Total factor productivity (TFP) estimates for these commodities indicate the …