This paper explores how to incorporate banks' capital structure and risk-taking into models of production. In doing so … companies. Modeling the bank's objective as value maximization conveniently incorporates both market-priced risk and expected … on how banks' capital structure and risk-taking is modeled. In particular, when equity capital, in addition to debt, is …

cost minimization to a more general assumption of managerial utility maximization that can incorporate risk incentives into … between the risk-incentives literature in banking that ignores the microeconomics of production and the production literature … that ignores the relationship between production decisions and risk. …

the damage ratio is gradually resolved over time, this only slows down the price rise. Third, if CCS is allowed for, the … optimal CO2 price will rise before it declines but this decline does not occur until more than two centuries ahead. Fourth … CO2 prices upfront is an artefact of failing to separate out renewable energy subsidies from the carbon price. Finally …

Modeling the price risk of CO2 certificates is one important aspect of integral corporate risk management related to … emissions trading. The paper presents a risk model which may be the basis for evaluating the risk of emission certificate prices …. We assume that the certificate price is determined by the expected marginal CO2 abatement costs prevailing at the current …

individually to determine if they were effective in minimizing down side risk, and combined to determine if integration created … side risk in wheat and corn, but not significantly in soybeans. Marketing alternatives generally increase the up side … potential of gross revenue per acre, while doing little to minimize the down side risk. The integration of crop insurance …