development of crime rates, the decisions of authorities for prosecution and sanctioning, the amount and type of imposed criminal … sanctions, the enforcement of sanctions and the amount of reconviction after sanctioning. In this respect the German criminal … preliminary proceedings of public prosecutors, the enforcement of criminal sanctions as well as periodic reconviction statistic …

sanctions, the magnitude and form of sanctions (fines, imprisonment), and the rule of liability. We then examine a variety of …

sequencing of benefits), monitoring in conjunction with sanctions, and workfare. Our reading of the theoretical literature is …

punishment in a social dilemma. Emotional reaction to free-riding incites individuals to apply sanctions when they are available …. The application of sanctions activates a "virtuous emotional circle"" that accompanies cooperation. Emotionally aroused …

hand with the Western sanctions that were imposed due to the political tensions between Russia and Ukraine. At the same … due to the falling oil prices, while the sanctions are playing a rather subordinate role. …