We present a framework to examine how a standard evolves when a standard consortium or a firm (incumbent) innovates either to improve the standard or to strengthen installed base which increases switching cost. Both investments make it more difficult for another firm (entrant) to introduce a...

Voluntary standard setting organizations (SSOs) are a common feature of systems industries, where firms supply inter-operable components for a shared technology platform. These institutions promote coordinated innovation by providing a forum for collective decision-making and a potential...

We develop a framework to examine how a standard evolves when a standard consortium or firm (incumbent) innovates either to improve the standard or to strengthen the installed base, which increases switching costs. Both investments make it more difficult for another firm (entrant) to introduce a...