Abstract The structural interpretation of counterfactuals as formulated in Balke and Pearl (1994a,b) [ 1 , 2 ] excludes disjunctive conditionals, such as “had $X$ been $x_1~\mbox{or}~x_2$ ,” as well as disjunctive actions such as $do(X=x_1~\mbox{or}~X=x_2)$ . In contrast, the closest-world...

Abstract In a recent issue of this journal, Philip Dawid (2021) proposes a framework for causal inference that is based on statistical decision theory and that is, in many aspects, compatible with the familiar framework of causal graphs (e.g., Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs)). This editorial...