policies and strategies with the potential to modify risky health behaviors, such as taxes or subsidies, cash incentives …

can be included in policy selection. This paper studies the equivalence between taxes and subsidies in the control of … negative production externalities. In our models, under the tax regime, firms that take no treatment action to mitigate the … damage caused by their negative externalities are punished, whereas under the subsidy regime, firms are rewarded for …

policies and strategies with the potential to modify risky health behaviors, such as taxes or subsidies, cash incentives …

policies and strategies with the potential to modify risky health behaviors, such as taxes or subsidies, cash incentives …

where other firms are subsidized. These negative externalities depend on the share of firms that receive subsidies in the … competitive. We implement an approach that allows for the joint estimation of direct and indirect effects of subsidies on … subsidized and non-subsidized firms. We find that firms that receive subsidies experience a boost for productivity. However, our …