.06%, but they decreased welfare by 2.4%. Using tariffs, the government can increase employment by as much as 2.8%. …Can anti-dumping tariffs increase employment? We compile data on all antidumping (AD) investigations in Brazil matching … upstream ones are not affected. To quantify the aggregate effect of these tariffs, we build a model with international trade …

This paper shows that governments have no incentive to introduce non-tariff barriers when they are free to set tariffs … but they do when tariffs are determined cooperatively. We then show three results. First, with trade liberalization, there … is a progression from u sing tariffs only to quotas, and to antidumping constraints (when quotas are jointly eliminated …