A key feature of the invoice-credit form of value-added tax (VAT) is that some businesses- notably exporters-will pay …, and denial of refunds by governments with cash shortages. This makes the refund process the "Achilles heel" of the VAT …

quarterly and annual data, and across advanced and developing economies. We also find that a worsening (improvement) in the VAT …

quasi-experimental variation in the rollout of VAT electronic invoicing in Peru. We find that e-invoicing increases reported … smaller firms and sectors with higher rates of non-compliance, suggesting that e-invoicing enhances compliance by lowering … the VAT refund mechanism in Peru, suggesting that digital tools such as e-invoicing should be complemented by other …