The United States Federal Trade Commission [FTC] adopted standardized testing methods for the measurement of tar and nicotine yields of cigarette smoke in the 1960s and for carbon monoxide in 1981, mandating the disclosure of these ratings in cigarette advertising (1). Under the International...

A number of new tobacco products for which reduced exposure, reduced toxicity and reduced health risk claims are being made are being introduced in markets worldwide. These products include cigarettes modified to purportedly reduce their toxicity, including cigarettes with modified tobacco from...

The waterpipe (also known as gouza, narghile, hubble-bubble, hookah or shisha, depending on the local tradition) has been used for smoking tobacco for centuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Formerly associated almost exclusively with older males, usually of lower socioeconomic level,...

Over the past two decades a wealth of research findings have pointed to nicotine as the key pharmacological factor underlying tobacco use. The 1988 report of the US Surgeon General identified cigarette smoking as nicotine addiction (1); the Royal College of Physicians similarly concluded that...

Norway constitutes the western part of the Scandinavian peninsula with a population of 4.5 million. The country does not grow tobacco, but has a tobacco industry with a long tradition. The standard of living is high; unemployment is low representing, in April-June 2002, about 4.0% of the labour...

Introduction Tobacco use is the leading cause of death and disease in Australia. Each year nearly 20 000 Australians die and more than 150 000 are hospitalized due to tobacco-related illnesses (1). The economic and social costs of tobacco use in Australia are estimated at $AU 12,736.2 million...

Jordan: Mass Media Campaign Combating Smoking Requires Serious Commitment and Not Just Words Introduction Tobacco use is a growing problem in Jordan, a developing country with a population of 5.3 million (1). Each year, cardiovascular diseases are responsible for about 42% of all deaths in...