Financial shortfalls are typical for protected areas (PA) in many countries. The data collected in the mid-90s of the twentieth century indicate that globally there is a deficit in the amount of $ 2.3 billion for efficient protection of PA. Therefore, there is a growing interest in accounting...

Alpine open spaces are becoming noticeably scarcer. In the Alps, this applies to the inherently limited area of permanent settlement, which in the case of Tyrol covers only 11.8%. The population is growing in many of the valleys and with it the infrastructure it requires. However, the open...