whole surplus, leaving the peasants immiserated. Trade was sterile in that it was state inspired, and required to meet the …

This paper examines the economic organization of the trans-Saharan slave trade between the fourteenth and the …. The commercial framework of this trade was integrated into ethnic, cultural, and religious systems, yet for its efficient … limit cooperation problems. This demonstrates that the organization of the trans-Saharan slave trade was economically …

realize enhanced gains from trade also depended upon the political status of regional economies operating and interacting … (through trade in commodities, capital flows, labour migration and the diffusion of useful knowledge) within a global economy …

This paper is an exploration of the world coffee market in the nineteenth century when world trade expanded some 20 … role in stimulating sociability, labor and diminishing hunger made it vital. Its trade intensified relations between the … cultivators in the South and the consumers in the North. In economic terms it was the third most valuable internationally-trade …

.Yet even as this orthodoxy seemed to become embedded in a public policy of free trade and minimal government in the 1840s …

Transaction costs are a major reason why international trade flows are much smaller than traditional trade theory would … suggest. Trust between trading partners lowers transaction costs and may therefore enhance trade. The empirical analysis of … this paper shows that more trust leads to more trade so that part of the mystery of missing trade can be attributed to the …