We assess the literature on public and private quality standards and their impact in food markets, international trade … protectionism, a complicate task. We look at studies investigating public and private standards and across various quantitative … approaches and countries. These standards have complex effects. The evidence is mixed regarding standards as catalyst for or …

, standards and labelling, and subsidies and countervailing duties. It concludes that in the absence of clear international …

enodogenous formation of GMO-related standards and sub-global trading agreements. Standards are understood as tolerance levels for … implicit agreements, e.g. a developing country accepting the U.S. standards.We develop a theoretical model of standard … formation and agreement formation. In autarky, national standards reflect the preferences of domestic consumers. The possibility …

In this paper we investigate the effects of trade on the national minimum quality standards applied by two trading … standards set by national regulators will tend to unduly favour producer interests. As always, trade changes the balance of …

The significance of standards in international agricultural trade is continuously rising. Due to their complexity …, especially private industry standards are often expected to have a negative impact on agricultural export sectors in developing … countries. The successful adoption of standards by a broad number of producers can be seen as a condition to limit negative …

The debate on trade and poverty is reinforced by recent studies on the role of standards. It is argued that increasing … standards act as trade barriers for developing countries and cause further marginalization of the poor. This paper is the first … to quantify income and poverty effects of such high-standards trade and to integrate labor market effects, by using …

This paper presents a political economy model of public standards in an open economy model. We use the model to derive …-standardization?or `over-standardization?results, and which standards can be labeled as (producer)protectionist measures. …

We assess the literature on public and private quality standards and their impact in food markets, international trade … protectionism, a complicate task. We look at studies investigating public and private standards and across various quantitative … approaches and countries. These standards have complex effects. The evidence is mixed regarding standards as catalyst for or …