Societal theories of trade policy stress the importance of domestic interest groups, whereas statist theories focus on … macroeconomic conditions on trade policy to be weaker in fragmented states than in those characterized by a highly centralized … potent impact on trade policy in democracies than in other regimes, since the electoral constraints facing democratic leaders …

related to these concerns and aspirations. However, servicification and particularly its role in trade policy have received …, historic policymaking divides between trade in manufactures and services, between export and import interests, and among modes …

economic policy. In our empirical analysis, based on an extensive dataset covering most of world trade, we find that GSP tends …

economic policy. In our empirical analysis, based on an extensive dataset covering most of world trade, we find that GSP tends …

Developing countries have been characterized as having played an essentially defensive role in the GATT, unwilling to …. These three perspectives have become part of the conventional wisdom in the academic literature on the GATT. The paper … GATT. …

two-track approach of relying on multilateral liberalization under the GATT/WTO and open regionalism under Asia …'s changing structure of trade, FDI and economy that underlay policy changes. We argue that until the late 1990s Japan adopted a …-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) on the one hand and on the bilateral trade relationship with the US on the other. Although the …

manufacturing – the increase in use, produce and sales of services. However, servicification of firms and its role for foreign trade … and policy have only received limited attention. This paper reviews microlevel evidence and discusses trade policy … chains. Therefore, the historic divides in trade-policy-making between trade in manufactures and services, between offensive …

economic policy. In our empirical analysis, based on an extensive dataset covering most of world trade, we …nd that GSP tends …

discusses how the level of development influences the political equilibrium. We also analyze the relation between trade and the …