removes their capacity to strike. Weapons can serve as a means of deterrence. In four treatments, we find that deterrence is … beneficial trade decreases the risk of confrontation, but not necessarily the likelihood of costly arms races. …

that affect conflict, including measures of trade and democracy. …We develop a theory of interstate conflict in which the degree of genealogical relatedness between populations has a … positive effect on their conflict propensities because more closely related populations, on average, tend to interact more and …

in peace but, surprisingly, the price may be lower. The analysis shows when trade will altogether collapses in war and … when trade will persist between the parties despite it. A prisoner's-dilemma game (e.g., monopolistic competition or …

in peace but, surprisingly, the price may be lower. The analysis shows when trade will altogether collapses in war and … when trade will persist between the parties despite it. A prisoner's-dilemma game (e.g., monopolistic competition or …

international trade, self-enforcing - or stable - IEAs may comprise up to 60% of all countries (Eichner and Pethig 2013). But these … coalitions are Stackelberg leaders and set tariffs in addition to their cap-and-trade schemes. Surprisingly, these smaller IEAs …

international trade, self-enforcing - or stable - IEAs may comprise up to 60 % of all countries (Eichner and Pethig 2013). But these … coalitions are Stackelberg leaders and set tariffs in addition to their cap-and-trade schemes. Surprisingly, these smaller IEAs …

. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then … at least a portion of the costs of conflict can be measured by a nation's lost gains from trade. The greater two nations …' gain from trade the more costly is bilateral (dyadic) conflict. This notion forms the basis of Baron de Montesquieu …

the potential impact of the military conflict on international trade and the prices of energy, food, and metals. Whilst …The outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict has sent chills down the spines of policy makers around the …'s gas exports to Europe. Also, countries that primarily trade with Russia and which have refrained from imposing sanctions …

. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then … at least a portion of the costs of conflict can be measured by a nation's lost gains from trade. The greater two nations …' gain from trade the more costly is bilateral (dyadic) conflict. This notion forms the basis of Baron de Montesquieu …