This study takes off from an earlier inquiry on the effects of Home Consumption Value (HCV) valuation. It is intended to assist policymakers in examining the requirements for an effective implementation of the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade Valuation Code (GVC). This study identifies...

The story of the Philippine environment during the past two decades is one of growing stress and resource degradation that has recently forced the Philippine polity and society to resolve the problem. This paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the issue of sustainable...

This article examines whether the ASEAN Preferential Trading Arrangements have increased the level of interdependence among ASEAN countries in the area of trade. Specifically, whether such interdependence has brought about institutional and economic changes such as tariff reduction and nontariff...

This study examines the general equilibrium effects of different export promotion policies on imports and production of importables and exportables. Unlike other studies, land as a factor input in the production function has been included. Thus, this article develops a three-factor production...

Part One of the Osaka Action Agenda has clarified the implications of the basic political commitment to free and open trade and investment in the Bogor Declaration and has set out operational guiding principles and a well-developed strategy of implementation. This paper seeks to build on the...

As APEC provides venue for exploiting trade and investment gains in an integrated market, it allows the U.S. to strengthen its ties with the world’s dynamic economies and creates a global policy environment that promotes liberalization. Despite the tremendous benefits, however, the American...

Stimulated by the success of the East Asian dragons, commitment on the design and administration of export promotion policies have been renewed. Against the backdrop of protection structure, the first-best solution to the problem is the complete overhaul of the protection structure. In the event...

The fast economic integration of the world in the 1990s has brought new players, new products and new technology into the market, paving the way for intense market competition. In response to this development, the Philippines embarked on a clear-cut change in trade policy in the 1990s, via...

This study focuses on the impact of Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program on the industry’s access to formal finance. The paper has the following objectives: documentation and assessment of bank’s reaction to the program, determination of differences in bank’s approach to lending to...

In its attempt to characterize the existing financing schemes of the footwear manufacturing industry in Marikina, this paper investigates and documents the existing formal and informal credit arrangements in the footwear manufacturing industry. It also describes the mechanisms and arrangements...