This paper examines the effects of combining an international cap-and-trade scheme with national carbon taxes. We … consider a two-country stochastic partial equilibrium model with log-normally distributed uncertainty. The situation is … analogous to the situation where European countries impose national carbon taxes in addition to the EU emissions trading. The …

monitoring actual carbon fluxes and thus getting quantities right when pricing carbon – be it in a cap-and-trade scheme or under … robust indication of a positive social value of improving carbon monitoring systems when compared to their cost, especially …Operationalizing a Global Carbon Observing and Analysis System (www.geocarbon.net) would provide a sound basis for …

high level of external monitoring, such as those in regulated industries (monitoring effect). The compensation weight on … transitory gains also increases as earnings predictability declines (uncertainty effect), as CEOs get closer to retirement …