This paper explores from a regional perspective the distorted nature of trade in energy products within the CIS countries. The persistence of pricing distortions, barter arrangements, and discriminatory access to pipelines, as well as failure to honor contracts, has disrupted and distorted...

Many high technology goods are based on standards that require several essential patents owned by different IP holders. This gives rise to a complements and a double mark-up problem. We compare the welfare effects of two different business strategies dealing with these problems. Vertical...

Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass die Festlegung der Fertigungstiefe in der Gegenstromplanung von Strategien kein stringentes Instrument der Unternehmensführung ist. Die Top-Down und Bottom-Up Analyse über die hierarchischen Ebenen der Unternehmens-, Wettbewerbs- und Funktionalstrategie...

In the German automobile industry the vertical integration, as an indicator of value added, is on average low. Beyond the argument of relative high labour costs for manufacturing, several specific reasons for the level of vertical integration, linked to the flexibility of business administration...