In a relatively brief timeframe, Poland has witnessed a substantial increase in immigration,transitioning from predominantly an emigration country to one characterised by both emigrationand immigration. Undoubtedly, with the outbreak of war in Ukraine, the need to implementintegration measures...

Most emerging market central banks have adopted inflation targeting as their monetary policy system. The heart of inflation targeting system is inflation expectations. The success of a central bank in achieving targets depends on to the extent to which inflation expectations are formed by the...

Youth unemployment has been on the rise since the beginning of the crisis in 2008. Even more troublesome is the dramatic rise in the number of youth not in employment, education or training, which has led to widespread concerns about the impact on social cohesion and fears of a 'lost...