In this chapter, we analyse the effects of PAYG and funded pension systems on welfare. The debate on the choice between alternative systems focuses on their effects on savings, capital accumulation, labour supply, economic growth and inequality and the potential benefits of mixed systems in...

On the way to complying with the 2015 Paris agreements regarding climate change, there are notable differences between the positions of the countries. Even considering the same geographical area such as Europe, the existence of a supranational environmental policy, assumed by the 27 European...