The paper examines optimal strategic trade policy under a heterogeneous cost oligopoly. The first-best policy involves a structure of firm-specific export subsidies/taxes in which the government favours the most efficient firms only with a sufficiently low social cost of public funds. Copyright...

This paper analyses the welfare implications for a developing country of using union legalisation as a policy instrument to attract inward foreign direct investment. While its presence may discourage a foreign multinational (MNE) from locating in the host country, unionisation is an important...