Portugal is faced with important challenges concerning the definition of policies to achieve energy and environmental targets, taking also into account the economic and social issues. A multi-sectoral economy–energy–environment model has been developed to perform a prospective analysis of...

Interval programming techniques are a valuable approach for tackling uncertainty in mathematical programming models, because they only require the knowledge of the feasible range of variation of the model coefficients. Nevertheless, the use of these techniques has some limitations, namely when...