Despite a decade of transition, pension systems in formerly socialist countries still desperately need viable reform. Few viable reform options exist, due to the near absence of capital markets, the collapse of formal sector employment, and huge differences between urban and rural sectors. This...

Rural-urban migration has been modeled by both demographers and economists since the 1960s. Little regard has been given by either discipline for the other's models. In particular, economists have disregarded the possibility that net migration rates can be strongly affected by shifts in the...

Markets around the world are becoming more competitive because of changing operating and regulatory environments. One such change--the loosening of trade restrictions--is a macroeconomic policy shift that should have a microeconomic impact on industrial efficiency. Specifically, competitive...

Many theoretical models of internal migration have been proposed, with different implications for the social optimality of migration. This paper measures the output gains and losses from migration by using stochastic frontier production functions to identify migrants' marginal revenue products...

Traditional analyses of the determinants of migration in less developed countries have focused on labor-market conditions. This paper adapts a simple model to show that capital-market conditions may be an important factor in individuals' migration decisions. Data from Ecuador are used to test...