We examine the impact of institutional quality on early stage and formal entrepreneurial activity and on knowledge spillovers. We use four institutional variables – the protection of property rights, business freedom, financial depth, and corruption as proxies for institutional quality....

This paper critically evaluates the performance of Indian banks by examining quantitative data on bank profitability and risk subsequent to the market-oriented reforms in 1991. A bank transparency indicator is also constructed to appraise the performance of Indian banks with respect to the...

Urban Cooperative banks in India (UCBs) play an important role in mobilizing resources from lower and middle-income groups and in providing direct finance to small entrepreneurs and traders. Motivated by previous empirical work on depositor disciplining behaviour, this paper examines whether...

This paper estimates Indian capital flight at US $88 billion (in 1997 dollars) over the 1971-97 period, a sum that is roughly 20% of the US $448 billion real external debt disbursed to the country over the same time period. There is also evidence of a strong year-to-year correlation between debt...