transformation. The standard trade theory postulates that trade openness contributes to poverty alleviation directly by changing … the trade-to-grossdomestic-product ratio to measure openness often fail to find a direct effect of openness on poverty over … effectiveness of the factor proportion channel may be due to limitations of the commonly used measure of trade openness: the trade …

increased volatility in its terms of trade, openness confers diversification benefits. In this note, we argue that export …

paralysis of the Doha Round, the proliferation of preferential trade agreement and the launching of mega-regional trade … negotiations have encouraged the debate about the governance of international trade. In contrast to a benign interpretation of the … relationship between ?XXI century regionalism? and the multilateral trade regime, we argue that there is a remarkable continuity …

Empirical scholarship on the standards–trade relationship has been held up due to methodological challenges …: measurement, varied effects, and endogeneity. Considering the trade-effects of one particular standard (ISO 9000), we surmount …-signaling augmenting country-pair trade. Yet, ISO-rich nations benefit the most from standardization, while ISO-poor nations find ISO 9000 …

trade policies. First, an export subsidy increases the steady-state average quality of exports and welfare in a LQE, but …

the entry patterns we observe. Minimum quality standards and novelty requirements can play a role in correcting these … suboptimal patterns of entry. While minimum quality standards increase welfare for a large range of research abilities, we find … flat, targeted policies towards specific industries as are often observed in minimum quality standards are generally …