The relationship between empowerment and entrepreneurship in collective societies is, in our view, insufficiently … examined. Accepted definitions of empowerment and the assumptions underlying programs and research designs based on them result … in outcomes that self-fulfil and, as a result, disappoint. Several issues are prevalent: the empowerment potential of …

societies like Egypt. The paper discusses individual, household, wealth and location factors determining women empowerment, as … Egypt. Third, the importance of social local context is fundamental for Egyptian women empowerment. Originality/value - This …Purpose - This paper aims to tackle an important question related to women's economic empowerment in highly patriarchal …