Almost 30 years ago, researchers began a systematic study of innovation by end users and user firms. At that time, the phenomenon was generally regarded as a minor oddity. Today, it is clear that innovation by users, generally openly shared, is a very powerful and general phenomenon. It is...

This paper analyzes the effects of fiscal incentives and public R&D subsidies on the level of R&D investment. The econometric model of R&D investment is estimated using an unbalanced panel sample of Spanish manufacturing firms in the period 1991-1999. Our results provide evidence that fiscal...

Open innovation refers to the ability of firms to open themselves up to external networks and relationships in order to gain the full potential of their investments in innovation. The development of ICTs has opened up new markets and ways of innovating. Today, platforms and Web services are...

Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen greifen zum Schutz von Innovationsergebnissen deutlich seltener auf geistige Eigentumsrechte zurück als größere Unternehmen. Der zurückhaltende Umgang mit Patenten, Urheberrechten oder Handelsmarken lässt sich in vielen Fällen durch den unternehmerischen...

Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen greifen zum Schutz von Innovationsergebnissen deutlich seltener auf geistige Eigentumsrechte zurück als größere Unternehmen. Der zurückhaltende Umgang mit Patenten, Urheberrechten oder Handelsmarken lässt sich in vielen Fällen durch den unternehmerischen...

Inovasyon yaklasik 50 yildir populer olan bir konudur. Firmalar gibi ulkeler de inovasyon stratejilerini surdurulebilir rekabet gucu icin bir arac olarak kullanmaktadirlar. Ancak inovasyon stratejileri her sektor icin farkli kazanimlari da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu calismanin amaci, ulusal...

Investments in R&D and agricultural innovations have been fundamental to long-term economic growth worldwide. But global resource allocation has been uneven, with some developing countries closing in on developed-world scientific capacities, others regaining ground lost over the past decade or...

This chapter reviews the empirical literature on the determination of firms’ and industries’ innovative activity and performance, highlighting the questions addressed, the approaches adopted, impediments to progress in the field, and research opportunities. We review the...

The input-output interrelation between the scientific, technological and innovation system in Bulgaria is studied here, based on the indicators: staff and expenses for R&D and patents issued for inventions. By means of a general and a differentiated institutional analysis, the key issues in view...