This study was conducted to determine the energy balance between the energy inputs and yield for apple production in Tehran, Iran. For this purpose the data were collected from 56 apple orchards. The following results were obtained from this study: The total energy input of 42819.25MJha−1 was...

Wheat covers approximately 25% of the total global area devoted to by cereal crops. Wheat production needs to be augmented to meet the growing demand. The amount of wheat produced is a direct function of energy inputs. Wheat is produced using energy sources ranging from human and animal power to...

In this study, various Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were developed to estimate the production yield of greenhouse basil in Iran. For this purpose, the data collected by random method from 26 greenhouses in the region during four periods of plant cultivation in 2009–2010. The total input...

The study was carried out on energy requirement and energy input–output relationship of rice production in Guilan province of Iran. Data were collected from 105 farmers with face-to-face questionnaire method. The research results revealed rice production consumed a total energy of...

This study was carried out on energy consumption patterns in different sizes of farms for corn silage production. Data were collected from 40 producers, using face to face questionnaire method in Karaj city. The survey studies indicated that the most important energy inputs were machinery and...

This paper analyzes the design of macroeconomic policies for Slovenia on its way into the Euro Area. We simulate different policy scenarios, distinguishing in particular between different exchange rate regimes. For this purpose, we use the model SLOPOL4, a macroeconometric model for Slovenia. We...

Sustainability of bioenergy products should be evaluated by means of an energy analysis that takes into account all relevant direct and indirect energy inputs. Direct energy input is viewed as the major energy consuming factor, and is quite easy to measure. Indirect energy input, however, has...