Many practical optimization problems are dynamically changing, and require a tracking of the global optimum over time. However, tracking usually has to be quick, which excludes re-optimization from scratch every time the problem changes. Instead, it is important to make good use of the history...

This article examines the interdependency of population-level adaptation (evolution) and individual-level adaptation (learning). More specifically, we assume a trade-off between the two means of adaptation, that is, a higher individual-level adaptation can only be achieved with a reduced...

In this paper, co-evolution is used to examine the long-term evolution of business models in an industry. Two types of co-evolution are used: synchronous, whereby the entire population of business models is replaced with a new population at each generation, and asynchronous, whereby only one...