The purpose of this study was to valorize oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm fiber (PF) from palm oil mills to produce fuel ethanol. Chemical-free fractionation of EFB and PF using hot-compressed water (HCW) pretreatment at temperatures ranging from 150 to 200ºC at 30 bars and reaction...

Yeast flocculation offers advantages for fuel ethanol production such as high cell density fermentation through the self-immobilization of yeast cells within fermentors as well as cost-effective biomass recovery through sedimentation of yeast flocs. However, many ethanol-fermenting yeast strains...

The esterification of myristic acid with methanol in presence of triglycerides using sulfated zirconia prepared by solvent-free method as the heterogeneous catalyst was studied. The effects of reaction temperature (393–443 K), catalyst loading (1–3 %wt) and molar ratio of oil to methanol...

This study investigated the feasibility of using lignin waste from pulp and paper industry as a mediator for treating ethanol stillage wastewater in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Two configurations of MFCs used a salt-bridge and proton exchange membrane (PEM), and the influence of lignin and...