In observing British pound spot prices and European sugar import prices over the 2004–2016 period, an unusually strong currency-commodity correlation is detected and statistically validated. This correlation is the result of a single firm dominating European refining, effectively fixing the...

International economic sanctions have become increasingly important as alternatives to military conflict since the end of the Cold War. This chapter surveys various approaches to the study of economic sanctions in both the economics and international relations literatures. Sanctions may be...

This study explores the influence of trade policy uncertainty on medical innovation investment in developing nations from 1980 to 2020, with a focus on the period of COVID-19. We used exogenous and heterogeneous exposure to trade-policy-uncertainty resolutions from developing countries' trade...

Nowadays, trade negotiations afford both liberalism- and protectionism-oriented policies. Indeed, in recent decades, the developed countries have been actively engaged in negotiating many preferential agreements to integrate developing countries (DCs) into world trade and encourage their...

Employing an intercountry trade force (ITF) theory, this paper investigates bilate­ral trade between South Korea and 28 economies of Central Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) based on balanced panel data for the period from 2011 to 2019. Free trade space...

We construct a dynamic bilateral monopoly game to analyze the bargaining between a foreign manufacturer and a domestic retailer regarding the wholesale price and explain the foreign upstream firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative and its economic impacts on the domestic market....

This study aims to explore the relationship between macroeconomic factors and the decision to file an anti-dumping (AD) initiation, focusing on the post-WTO period from 1995 to 2022 for both reporting and targeted countries. We analyze the 20 most frequent users of the AD mechanism and the 20...

The world economy is evolving towards multipolar globalization, and China has become a new pole of economic development. Ukraine, like other countries, is looking for ways to cooperate with China in the field of trade and investment. China, for its part, offers a model of cooperation within the...

The following sections are included:IntroductionRecent Trends and DevelopmentsRegulations, Reforms, and Applied RestrictionsIndia's Commitments to the World Trade Organization, and Free and Regional Trade AgreementsStrengths, Weaknesses, and Policy ImplicationsSummary and ConclusionReferences

The following sections are included:IntroductionBackground and Recent Developments in Tertiary Education in JapanRestrictions on Education Services Trade and International Services CommitmentsDomestic Regulations and Accreditation PolicyRecent ReformsPolicy ImplicationsConclusionReferences