The present paper provides an overview on current developments of cash usage and issue of central bank digital currency … (CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash … regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained strong and even …

As in many developing economies, cash is still widely used in Colombia, even among merchants who accept payment cards …. Indeed, 60% of these merchants use dissuasive strategies to make their clients pay with cash. This paper presents estimates … paid with cash or cards. We find the estimates are far below the rates that the industry charges because of the low …

We analyze the repercussions of different kinds of uncertainty on cash demand, including uncertainty of cashless … on a comprehensive literature survey and complemented by case studies, we derive a classification scheme how cash … domestic and international cash as well as between transaction and store of value balances. Hereby, we focus on the stabilizing …

The present paper provides an overview on current developments of cash usage and issue of central bank digital currency … (CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash … regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained strong and even …

The study explores the factors likely to induce Polish customers to pay by cash, instead of payment cards, for goods …; then, in the second stage, the OLS model is employed to analyze the propensity to pay by cash, despite having a payment … in diary studies. Furthermore, we show that instances of merchants' refusal to accept cash significantly impacted payment …

cash holding. To do this, we use the new data for Poland and review original datasets from Bates et al. [2009] for the U ….S. We find no trace of a trend for Poland and believe most trends for the U.S. come from the cash piling toward the end of … the sample period. At best, the U.S. trend applies merely to small firms. We believe cash holding is a period …

In this paper we develop a model where agents can acquire goods using cash and two non-cash alternatives. We use it to … other means of payments (cash and cards) and leads to a fast switch towards cheaper electronic transactions. Our analysis …

is paid to the introduction of the new European single currency. The overall trend in payments is for a move from cash to … non-cash payment instruments, although electronic instruments are not widely used yet. We find a significant impact from …