property. It is organized around the two principal objectives of intellectual property law: promoting innovation and aesthetic … creativity (focusing on patent, trade secret, and copyright protection) and protecting integrity of the commercial marketplace … protection and other means of addressing the economic problem (such as public funding and prizes in the case of patent and …

intellectual property right design. We derive conclusions in the simplest, one-time innovation, case then investigate how these … optimal procurement of innovation are considered. Finally, we sketch enforcement and competition policy issues. …

This paper analyzes how injunctions relate to patent hold-up problems. To this end, we present a simple model of … licensing negotiations between a patent holder and a downstream firm in the shadow of litigation. More specifically, we consider … the situation in which an injunction is granted as a matter of course if a patent is found valid and infringed upon in …

innovators are not protected against others appropriating their ideas, incentives for innovation are suboptimally low. Now, in … most industries and for most potential users, appropriating a foreign innovation is itself an investment decision fraught … with cost and risk. Nonetheless, standard theory predicts too little innovation. Arguably the problem is exacerbated by the …