Der vorliegende Bericht analysiert notwendige Rahmenbedingungen und arbeitet die Voraussetzungen heraus, die die ost- und mitteleuropäischen Länder erfüllen müssen, um am Wirtschaftsraum der Europäischen Union teilzunehmen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird geprüft, bei welchen Gütergruppen...

Despite the fact that many modern preferential trade agreements include commitments to foreign investors in imperfectly competitive services sectors, the literature has not established conditions under which these agreements are beneficial or harmful. The authors fill that void by developing a...

The nominal effective exchange rate (EER) of a currency is an index of the tradeweighted average of its bilateral exchange rates vis-à-vis the currencies of selected trading partners, while the real EER is derived by adjusting the nominal index for relative prices or costs. The nominal EER...