Digital Markets Act (DMA) by the European Union represents a significant development in the regulation of digital platforms …

A major issue within the realm of Antitrust policy is the regulation of existing monopolies. We describe a new … potential indirect scheme for regulating a natural monopoly that arises from high entry cost. The approach involves minimal … no entry. The regulation is quot;costless,quot; since no entry will occur and hence no subsidy will be paid …

, closeness to government, cross-subsidisation, information monopoly) favouring only modest and gradual change or by emergent and … competition and a persistent quasi-monopoly, is no easy matter. The process of de-monopolisation can be seen as the result of … managing markets and the limitations on and problems with self-organisation in regulation. Competition is a spontaneous process …

industry. Of particular interest is the differential impact of economic regulation on the development of fringe competition in … local telephone markets. Empirical results reveal that local telephone markets with price-cap regulation have witnessed less … imply that the widespread adoption of price-cap regulation by state public utility commissions has contributed to the slow …