Developing countries are now recovering from the worst ravages of the financial crisis of 1997-98. However, the recovery is both uneven and fragile, and many countries continue to struggle in the aftermath. In addition to a review of international economic developments, this report considers...

An important feature of the empirical evidence on trade liberalization experiences is their association with other reforms. And a major shortcoming of most, if not all, studies of the impact of trade liberalization on economic performance has been their inability to disentangle the effects of...

This paper takes stock of the economic performance of resource rich countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) over the past forty years. While those countries have maintained high levels of income per capita, they have performed poorly when going beyond the assessment based on...