In recent years, cases in which state governments chose to override federal environmental regulation with tighter … paper argues that this change arose at least in part because of a shift in the type of regulation used at the federal level …, from command-and-control regulation toward more incentive-based regulation. Under an incentive-based federal regulation, a …

is that conjoint federalism (the federal government chooses output while the states choose effort), which is the …

In this paper we address two aspects of regulatory federalism in U.S. environmental policy. First, we suggest that … quality did not decline when President Reagan's policy of new federalism returned responsibility for many environmental …