Tourism promotes the city’s economic development, but the tourist activities often cause traffic congestion. To enhance the attractiveness of destination, traffic congestion control is very important. However, there are some obstacles for the implementation of traditional traffic demand...

We analyze the conditions of emergence of a twin banking and sovereign debt crisis within a monetary union in which: (i) the central bank is not allowed to provide direct financial support to stressed member states or to play the role of lender of last resort in sovereign bond markets, and (ii)...