Non-transparency is a term given in this paper to a set of government policies that increase the risk and uncertainty faced by economic actors foreign investors. This increase in risk and uncertainty stems from the presence of bribery and corruption, unstable economic policies, weak and poorly...

In the presence of foreign factor ownership, the traditional welfare effects of tariff reforms have to be reconsidered to include income redistribution between national and foreign-owned factors. Bhagwati and Brecher (1980) showed that when the relative amount of foreign-owned factors in the...

This paper argues that interests of nationals and owners of home-based foreign capital in the formation of a Trade Agreements (TA) are not antagonistic, except under rather particular assumptions on initial tariffs among potential members. Further, if initial tariffs are endogenously determined...