The paper analyses the relation between demographic transformation, agricultural transformation and land-use pressure within a simple agrarian economy where population is treated both as a cause and consequence of economic changes. In this Malthusian-type of economy, population growth and food...

The paper discusses and redefines the traditional concept of externalities. Inspired by J.R. Commons' theory of institutional evolution we define externalities as policy relevant institutional interdependencies. Our concept of externalities is more general and reflects institutional failure...

We study optimal fishery management in an age-structured, bio-economic model where two age classes can be harvested independently. We show that the optimal amount of catch differs with age classes, and we derive conditions under which it is optimal to harvest only one age class. Our main policy...

This paper studies the relationship between population size and the rate of time preference (RTP) in pre-capitalist subsistence agricultural communities. The RTP is reflected in the community's propensity to invest in and maintain new arable land that may be considered as an inherent...

This paper develops an optimal harvesting model for the wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), where various age classes of the population is included. It is shown that the marginal value-fecundity relationship of the spawning population, comprising young and old fish, is crucial for the optimal...

We study the economy and ecology of sheep farming under future climate change scenarios. The analysis is at the farm level and includes two different categories of the animals, ewes (adult females) and lambs with a crucial distinction between the outdoors grazing season and the winter indoors...

A four-stage model (calves, yearlings, adult female and adult male) of the Scandinavian moose (Alces alces) is formulated. Fecundity is density dependent while mortality is density independent. The paper aims to demonstrate the economic content of such a wildlife model and how this content may...

A static bioeconomic model of a marine reserve allowing asymmetric density dependent migration between the reserve and the fishable area is introduced. This opens for habitat or ecosystem differences allowing different fish densities within and outside a reserve, not described in earlier...