The 2013 World Trade Organization ministerial in Bali produced a comprehensive framework agreement on trade facilitation. If fully implemented, the agreement should increase the speed and reduce the cost of moving goods across international borders. But which reforms are most likely to improve...

In this paper we propose a categorical time-varying coefficient translog cost function to estimate technical change and productivity. The primary feature of this model is that each of its coefficients is expressed as a nonparametric function of a categorical time variable, thereby allowing each...