Gender earnings differentials in urban China by region and their changes during the first decade of economic reform are examined. It is found that the female–male earnings ratio increased during the early stage of reform. The male earnings premium, overall, showed an increasing trend in the...

The authors use household survey data for 18 Latin American countries to assess earnings differentials by level of education, and to assess how these differentials changed in the 1980s. Introducing the cost of education allows them to estimate private and social rates of return on investments on...

Gender earnings differentials in urban China by region and their changes during the first decade of economic reform are examined. It is found that the female-male earnings ratio increased during the early stage of reform. The male earnings premium, overall, showed an increasing trend in the...