The valuing of a firm equity as a call option is a crucial problem in financial decision-making. There are two basic aspects that are studied; contingent claim features (payoff functions) and risk (stochastic process of underlying assets). However, non-preciseness (vagueness, uncertainty) of input...

Due to the uncertainty in reality consists of randomness and fuzziness, we employ stochastic analysis and fuzzy set theory to explore the pricing of geometric Asian options. In the fuzzy stochastic world, the price of the underlying asset is assumed to follow a fuzzy stochastic process of which...

To have a means to have the possibility for a certain period to either choose for or against making an invetsment decision, without binding oneself up front. The real option rule is that one should invest today only if the net present value is high enough to compensate for giving up the value of...

On the bases of dynamic system theory and fuzzy clustering methods for attractors of options implied volatility on market indexes S&P 500, NASDAQ 100, S&P 100 was researched. Results of researches stay that entropy of implied volatility fuzzy clustering equal from 0.6477 to 0.7986. Implied...

To have a means to have the possibility for a certain period to either choose for or against making an invetsment decision, without binding oneself up front. The real option rule is that one should invest today only if the net present value is high enough to compensate for giving up the value of...

Neural networks (NN) and fuzzy logic systems (FLS) are used successfully for financial forecasting, credit rating and portfolio management. In search for more sophisticated modeling techniques a mixture of NN and FLS has proved to be worth consideration. We propose the novel constructive...

This paper considers systems whose input signals are fuzzy stochastic processes of second order. The analysis is entirely restricted to discrete time linear time-invariant systems. Convergence conditions of the output are given. The equations on the mean value functions and the covariance...