Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is a globally vital forage crop due to its high nutritive quality and yield. In countries with limited water resources, such as China, alfalfa is mainly planted in arid and semi-arid regions. Farmland mulching (FM), an important agronomic measure in arid and...

This paper considers a design problem of emergency logistics network (ELN), which consists of finding the optimal emergency response facility (ERF) location and transportation/distribution scheme. We extend a cost-based model to include such a risk of facility disruptions and adopt a...