This paper presents a method to make measurable what was not: the discourses of politicians regarding decentralization. For this purpose, we develop a “matrix of arguments” and a set of indexes, and apply them to provide a snapshot of the politicians’ views on the “General Law of...

This empirical study explores the characteristics and degree of implementation of so-called ethics hotlines in transnational companies (TNCs), which allow employees to present allegations of wrongdoing and ethical dilemmas, as well as to report concerns. Ethics hotlines have not received much...

In November 2005, 30 faith-based and community organizations received grants to implement a prisoner re-entry initiative demonstration, which aimed to strengthen communities affected by large numbers of formerly incarcerated individuals through employment-centered projects that incorporate...

In November 2005, 30 faith-based and community organizations received grants to implement a prisoner re-entry initiative demonstration, which aimed to strengthen communities affected by large numbers of formerly incarcerated individuals through employment-centered projects that incorporate...

This paper examines trends in indicators of gender equality and women's development, using evidence derived from individual indicators and gender equality indices. We extend both the United Nations Development Program's Gender Development Index and Gender Inequality Index to examine time trends....

In sub-Saharan Africa women work relatively more in the informal sector than men. Many factors could explain this difference, including women's lower education levels, legal barriers, social norms and demographic characteristics. Cross-country comparisons indicate strong associations between...

We show that gender inequality decreases the variety of goods countries produce and export, in particular in low-income and developing countries. We argue that this happens through at least two channels: first, gender gaps in opportunity, such as lower educational enrollment rates for girls than...

Gender budgeting uses fiscal policies to promote gender equality and women's advancement, but is struggling to take hold in the Middle East and Central Asia. We provide an overview of two gender budgeting efforts in the region-Morocco and Afghanistan. Achievements in these two countries include...

Gender budgeting is an initiative to use fiscal policy and administration to address gender inequality and women's advancement. A large number of sub-Saharan African countries have adopted gender budgeting. Two countries that have achieved notable success in their efforts are Uganda and Rwanda,...

Historically, women around the world have had fewer opportunities than men in education, employment, health care, and politics. The moral argument for gender equality is clear, and the economic evidence is mounting. The International Monetary Fund and other international institutions have worked...