-driven' entrepreneurs pushed into entrepreneurship because other options for work are absent or unsatisfactory, and ‘opportunity …-driven' entrepreneurs pulled into entrepreneurship to exploit some perceived business opportunity, has been transcended by commentators … entrepreneurs. MethodologyA household survey of entrepreneurship is reported conducted in Moscow during late 2005 and early 2006. In …

We use a representative sample of informal entrepreneurs in Madagascar to add new evidence on the magnitude of the … and male entrepreneurs. Only male entrepreneurs seem subject to pressure to redistribute from the distant network. Our …

promoting: i) micro-entrepreneurship in Brazil; and ii) the formalisation of entrepreneurs. Regarding the promotion of micro-entrepreneurship … have had a positive effect on the formalisation of individual entrepreneurs in terms of social security contributions, but …

To evaluate the validity of distinguishing between opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship, this paper investigates … the motives of entrepreneurs who conduct some or all of their transactions on an off-the-books basis. Reporting empirical … evidence from England on the motives of such entrepreneurs, this paper reveals not only that necessity is by no means their …

Portraying how entrepreneurs often start out conducting some or all of their trade on an 'off-the-books' basis and how … economy in enterprise creation, entrepreneurship and small business development has been largely ignored despite its …pt. 1. Entrepreneurship and the underground economy : the missing link -- pt. 2. The extent and nature of underground …

In the present paper an empirical analysis will point out that shadow economy is an obstacle to entrepreneurship. The …

In recent years, it has become common to represent entrepreneurs as either necessity- or opportunity-driven. Drawing … upon face-to-face interviews in England with 70 entrepreneurs trading wholly or partially off-the-books, this paper … evaluates critically this dichotomous representation. The finding is that squeezing the motives of off-the-books entrepreneurs …