. Oscar Gelderblom traces the successive rise of Bruges, Antwerp, and Amsterdam to commercial primacy between 1250 and 1650 … merchants, this book demonstrates how urban rivalry fostered the creation of open-access institutions in international trade. … all over Europe. Cities of Commerce intervenes in an important debate on the growth of trade in Europe before the …

was a dominant force in the expansion of trade between Europe and Asia, and she sheds light on the related problems of why … Free Trade locates the source of that success in the innovative policy by which the Company’s Court of Directors granted … employees the right to pursue their own commercial interests while in the firm’s employ. Exploring trade network dynamics …

suffer from primacy. However, FDI is attracted if surrounding countries have fewer cities, restrictions on international … substantial natural resource exports. Countries also attract more FDI if they have more medium-sized cities and primacy is not too … trade and low market potential (income per capita). We tentatively conclude that cities are important drivers of FDI and …

suffer from primacy. However, FDI is attracted if surrounding countries have fewer cities, restrictions on international … substantial natural resource exports. Countries also attract more FDI if they have more medium-sized cities and primacy is not too … trade and low market potential (income per capita). We tentatively conclude that cities are important drivers of FDI and …