A Structural Marginal Model and Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW) estimation strategy is proposed in a dynamic 2-dimensional treatment setting in order to identify and estimate both the direct and the indirect average treatment effects of a policy over time. This approach is used...

Using a sample of highly (over-)leveraged Austrian ski hotels undergoing debt restructurings, we show that reducing a debt overhang leads to a significant improvement in operating performance (return on assets, net profit margin). In particular, a reduction in leverage leads to a decrease in...

Prior research on the impact of REIT ownership on property performance is very limited and provides inconclusive empirical evidence. Whether REITs add value at the microlevel remains a puzzle. Utilizing a dataset of detailed accounting information for individual hotels across 5 US states, we...