been the world's fastest growing region over the last decade. Economists have often argued that high fertility rates are … mainly driven by women's demand for children (and not by family planning efforts) with low levels of unwanted fertility … relationship between wanted fertility and number of children born in a panel of 200 country-years controlling for country …

We provide evidence that lower fertility can simultaneously increase income per capita and lower carbon emissions …, eliminating a trade-off central to most policies aimed at slowing global climate change. We estimate the effect of lower fertility … on carbon emissions accounting for the fact that changes in fertility patterns affect carbon emissions through three …