The financial crisis and the ensuring Great Recession have alerted those concerned with old-age security to the extreme risk confronting our retirement system. In this volume, we provide an in-depth analysis of the ‘black swans' threatening pension plans around the world. Longevity risk,...

In this paper we present a novel methodology to determine the annual value of recreational visit flows to different habitat types in Great Britain. We combine different empirical models to predict the spatial distributions of recreational value across Great Britain. The models use a combination...

The opportunity Value of Travel Time (VTT) is one of the most important parts of the total cost of recreation day-trips and arguably the most difficult to estimate. Most studies build upon the theoretical framework proposed by Becker's (1965) by using a combination of revealed and stated...

In this chapter we took a broad look at American participation in on-farm recreation. While further analysis is in order, it does seem that visiting farms, either as a primary purpose of a trip or as part of a rural sightseeing outing, is a popular activity. We estimate that over 60 million...