CAPM with all its controversies is still valid, popular and most used asset pricing model in world. Three major perspectives run among the researchers. The first rejects CAPM completely and the rest two advocates changes but differently. A scrupulous analysis yields that investors care more for...

This study investigates that whether Karachi Stock Exchange is efficient or otherwise over the period from July 1997 to April 2010. To examine the efficiency, various stock market anomalies (i.e. Days of week Effect, With-in month Effect, Turn of Month Effect) have been estimated.Results show no...

CAPM has come a long way, has passed the time-test, and is fast coming out as a winner despite the onslaught of both, APT and multi-factor CAPM. The bottom line is that CAPM is needed, dead or alive. If so, it does not mean that CAPM stays as, “CAPM." Downside risk in recent times has caught...

The Capital Asset Pricing Model allows to price risky financial assets, in seductive simple way, but under various theoretical assumptions. Since its inception, CAPM has been questioned due to some of its unrealistic theoretical assumption or due to its empirical failures. Academicians have been...

Sharpe's (1964) Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) assumes that the relationship between risk and return is positive, linear and significant. However, it is not free from controversies and one of them advocates replacing CAPM's beta by downside beta based on investors' preference of downside...

This study examines financial contagion in stock markets of India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan during various financial crises. These markets represent a significant part of South Asian economies; therefore, the results obtained can be generalized to the region. The paper employs an Exponential GARCH...

ZTBL replaces its Annual Confidential Report system by Performance Management System. Employees are however placed in novel and uncertain. Their perception and reaction to the new system is essential for the success for new system. The study encompasses how each evaluation system is ranked by...